对外贸易经济合作部


关于外商投资举办投资性公司的暂行规定(附英文)
1995年4月4日，外经贸部

为了促进外国投资者来华投资，引进国外先进技术和管理经验，允许外国投资者根据中国有关外国投资的法律、法规及本规定，在中国设立投资性公司（以下简称投资公司）。
第一条 本规定中投资公司系指外国投资者在中国以独资或与中国投资者合资的形式设立的从事直接投资的公司。公司形式为有限责任公司。
第二条 申请设立投资公司应符合下列条件：
（一）1、外国投资者资信良好，拥有举办投资公司所必需的经济实力，申请前一年该投资者的资产总额不低于4亿美元，且该投资者在中国境内已设立了外商投资企业，其实际缴付的注册资本的出资额超过1000万美元，并有三个以上拟投资项目的项目建议书已获得批准，或者：
2、外国投资者资信良好，拥有举办投资公司所必需的经济实力，该投资者在中国境内已设立了10个以上从事生产或基础设施建设的外商投资企业，其实际缴付的注册资本的出资额超过3000万美元；
（二）以合资方式设立投资公司的，中国投资者应为资信良好，拥有举办投资公司所必需的经济实力，其资产总额不低于1亿元人民币；
（三）投资公司的注册资本不低于3000万美元。
第三条 申请设立投资公司，投资者应将下列文件经拟设立投资公司所在地的省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市外经贸部门审核同意后，报对外贸易经济合作部（以下简称外经贸部）审查批准。
（一）设立合资的投资公司的项目建议书、投资各方签署的可行性研究报告、合同、章程；
设立独资的投资公司外国投资者签署的项目建议书、外资企业申请表、可行性研究报告、章程；
（二）投资各方的资信证明文件、注册登记证明文件（复印件）和法人代表证明文件（复印件）；
（三）外国投资者已投资企业的批准证书（复印件）、营业执照（复印件）和中国注册会计师出具的验资报告（复印件）；
（四）投资各方近三年的资产负债表；
（五）外经贸部要求的其他文件。
上述文件除已注明为复印件的，一律应为正式文件。
非法定代表人签署文件的，应出具法定代表人的委托授权书。
委托依法设立的中介机构代为办理申请手续的，应出具由投资者法定代表人签署的委托授权书。
第四条 外国投资者须以可自由兑换的货币作为投资公司注册资本的出资，中国投资者可以人民币出资。出资应在营业执照签发之日起两年内全部缴清。
第五条 投资公司经批准可以经营以下部分或全部业务：
（一）在国家鼓励和允许外商投资的工业、农业、基础设施、能源等领域进行投资；
（二）投资公司可受其所投资企业的书面委托（经董事会一致通过），向其提供下列服务：
1、协助或代理其所投资的企业从国内外采购该企业自用的机器设备、办公设备和生产所需的原材料、元器件、零部件和在国内外销售其所投资企业生产的产品，并提供售后服务；
2、在外汇管理部门的同意和监督下，在其所投资企业之间平衡外汇；
3、协助其所投资企业招聘人员并提供技术培训、市场开发及咨询；
4、协助其所投资企业寻求贷款及提供担保。
（三）投资公司为其投资者提供咨询服务。
第六条 本规定第五条第二款所述投资公司所投资企业系指：
（一）投资公司直接投资或与其他外国投资者和／或中国投资者共同投资，投资公司或与其他外国投资者的出资占所投资设立企业注册资本25％以上的企业；
（二）投资公司将其投资者或其关联公司及其他外国投资者在中国境内已投资设立的企业的股权部分或全部收购，而使投资公司以及其他外国投资者的出资额占该已设立企业注册资本25％以上的企业。
除经外经贸部特殊批准，投资公司只能为以上所述的其所投资设立的企业提供第五条第二款所规定的服务。
投资公司不能代替其投资者在中国从事贸易中介服务。
第七条 经中国人民银行批准，投资公司可向其所投资设立的企业提供财务支持。
第八条 根据投资公司拟设立的项目性质，按照国家有关外商投资企业经营期限的规定核定投资公司的期限。
第九条 投资公司投资设立企业，按外商投资企业的审批权限及审批程序另行报批。
第十条 投资公司投资设立企业，投资公司或与其他外国投资者的外汇投资比例不低于其所投资设立企业的注册资本的25％的，其所投资的企业享受外商投资企业待遇，发给外商投资企业批准证书和外商投资企业营业执照。
第十一条 符合本规定第二条第（一）款第1项所规定条件的外国投资者可以其全资拥有的子公司的名义出资设立投资公司。
第十二条 申请设立投资公司的投资者须向审批机关出具担保函，保证其所设立的投资公司在中国境内投资时的注册资本的出资和技术转让。
以全资拥有的子公司的名义设立投资公司的，其母公司须向审批机关出具担保函，保证其子公司按审批机关批准的条件完成对其所设立投资公司注册资本的出资并保证该投资公司在中国境内所投资时的注册资本的出资和技术转让。
第十三条 投资公司在中国境内的投资活动不受公司注册地点的限制。
第十四条 投资公司的税收按中国有关法律、法规办理。
第十五条 投资公司应切实履行项目投资计划，并将每一年度的投资情况于下一年度的前三个月内报外经贸部备案。
第十六条 投资公司与其投资设立的企业是彼此独立的法人或实体，其业务往来应按独立企业之间业务往来关系处理。
第十七条 投资公司与其投资设立的企业应遵守中国的法律、法规，不得采用任何手段逃避管理和纳税。
第十八条 台湾、香港和澳门地区的投资者在大陆投资举办投资公司的，准用本规定。
第十九条 本规定由对外贸易经济合作部负责解释。
第二十条 本规定自发布之日起施行。

Provisional Regulations of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Eco-nomic Cooperation on the Establishment of Investment Companies by ForeignInvestors

(Promulgated on April 4, 1995)

Whole document
Provisional Regulations of the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic
Cooperation on the Establishment of Investment Companies by Foreign
Investors
(Promulgated on April 4, 1995)
In order to promote foreign investment in China and to introduce
foreign advanced technology and managerial expertise, foreign investors
are permitted to establish investment companies (hereinafter referred to
as "investment company") in China in accordance with the Chinese laws and
regulations governing foreign investment and these Regulations.
Article 1
For the purpose of these Regulations, the term "Investment Company"
means a company that is engaged in direct investment and established by
foreign investors in China in the form of either a wholly foreign owned
enterprise or an equity joint venture with Chinese investors. The
investment company shall take the form of a limited liability company.
Article 2
To apply for approval to establish an investment company, the
following conditions shall be fulfilled:
(1)
(a) the foreign investor having a good credit and the economic
strength necessary for the establishment of an investment company; the
total amount of the investor's assets during the year preceding the
application being no be less than US $ 400 million, and the investor
having already established foreign-invested enterprise (s) within the
territory of China; and the amount of the investor's actually paid-in
capital contribution to the registered capital thereof exceeding US $ 10
million. Furthermore, more than three project proposals of the investor's
intended investment projects have been approved; or
(b) the foreign investor having a good credit and the economic
strength necessary for the establishment of an investment company; the
investor have already established more than 10 foreign-invested
enterprises in the people's Republic of China which are engaged in
production or infrastructure construction, and the total amount of the
investor's actually paid-in capital contribution to the registered capital
thereof exceeding US $ 30 million.
(2) In case the investment company is to be established in the form of
an Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, the Chinese investor shall have
good creditability and the economic strength necessary for the
establishment of such company, and the total amount of the Chinese
investor's assets shall not be less than RMB100 million. and
(3)the registered capital of the investment company being not be less
than US $ 30 million.
Article 3
To apply for the establishment of an investment company, the investor
shall submit the following documents to the Ministry of Foreign Trade and
Economic Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as "MOFTEC") for examination
and approval after the examination and consent obtained from the foreign
trade and economic cooperation authorities of the related province,
autonomous region, municipalities directly under the Central Government or
the municipalities specifically listed in the State economic plan in which
the investment company is to be located:
(1) If an investment company is to be established in the form of an
equity joint venture: the project proposal for the establishment of the
investment company, and the feasibility study, contract and articles of
association signed jointly by the parties to the investment company; or
If an investment company is to be established in the form of a wholly
foreign-owned enterprise: the project proposal, the wholly foreign-owned
enterprise application form, the feasibility study and articles of
association signed by the foreign investor.
(2) the creditability certificate for each investing party, the
registration certificate (duplicate) and the legal representative
certificate (duplicate);
(3)the approval certificate (s) (duplicate) for the enterprise (s)
already invested by the foreign investor, the business license (s)
(duplicate) and the capital verification report (duplicate) issued by
certified public accountants registered in China;
(4)the balance sheet of each investing party for the previous 3 years;
and
(5)other documents as required by MOFTEC.
All of the aforesaid documents shall be in the original except those
specified as duplicate.
In case the documents are to be signed by a non-legal representative,
a power of attorney issued by the legal representative shall be submitted.
In case the investor entrusts a lawfully established intermediary for
the application formalities, a power of attorney signed by the legal
representative of the investor shall be submitted.
Article 4
The foreign investor shall make its capital contribution to the
registered capital of the investment company in a freely convertible
currency. The Chinese investor may make its capital contribution in
Renminbi. All the capital contribution shall be paid in full within 2
years after the date of issuance of the business license.
Article 5
An investment company, upon approval, may be engaged in part or all
of the following business:
(1)To invest in fields such as industry, agriculture, infrastructure,
energy, etc., to the extent that foreign investment is encouraged or
permitted by the State;
(2)With written entrustment by enterprises with its investment (with
the unanimous approval by the board of directors), an investment company
may provide the following services for such enterprises:
(a)to assist, or act as agent for such enterprises in purchasing
domestically or overseas the machinery, equipment and office appliances
for their own use, and raw materials, components, and parts as being used
by the enterprises for their own production purpose, as well as to
distribute at both domestic and international markets the products
produced by the enterprises with its investment, and to provide
after-sales services;
(b)to balance foreign exchange revenue and expenditure among the
enterprises with its investment with the consent and under the supervision
of the foreign exchange administration authorities;
(c)to assist the enterprises with its investment in the recruitment
and employment of personnel and to provide technical training, market
development and consulting; and
(d) to assist the enterprises with its investment to seek loans and to
provide guarantees. and
(3)An investment company may provide consulting services for its
investors.
Article 6
For the purpose of Item 2, Article 5 of these regulations, enterprises
with investment from the investment company mean:
(1)the enterprises in which an investment company invests directly or
jointly with other foreign investors and/ or Chinese investors, and the
capital contribution of the investment company or of the investment
company together with other foreign investors, accounts for more than
twenty-five per cent of the registered capital of such enterprises already
established; and
(2)the enterprises already established within the territory of China
in which the capital contribution of the investment company and other
foreign investors account for more than twenty-five per cent of the
registered capital of such an enterprise as a result of purchasing part or
all of the shares from its investors, or its affiliated companies or other
foreign investors.
Unless otherwise specifically approved by MOFTEC, an investment
company can only provide services specified in Item 2, Article 5 hereof
for the enterprises with its investment as described above.
An investment company shall not be engaged in intermediary business
service related to trade in China on behalf of its investor(s).
Article 7
Upon the approval by the People's Bank of China, an investment company
may provide financial support for the enterprises with its investment.
Article 8
The term of operation of an investment company shall be examined and
approved in accordance with the relevant state regulations on the term of
operation of foreign-invested enterprises and on the basis of the nature
of the projects intended to be established by the Investment Company.
Article 9
The establishment of an enterprise in which an investment company
invests shall be separately submitted for approval in accordance with the
limits of approval authorization and the approval procedures for the
examination and approval of foreign-invested enterprises.
Article 10
An enterprise established by an investment company whose foreign
exchange investment solely made or together with other foreign investors
is not less than twenty-five per cent of the registered capital of the
enterprise shall enjoy the treatment of a foreign-invested enterprise, and
be issued a foreign-invested enterprise approval certificate and
foreign-invested enterprise business license.
Article 11
A foreign investor, fulfilling the conditions specified in Article 2
Item 1 (a), may contribute capital to and establish an investment company
in the name of its wholly-owned subsidiary.
Article 12
An investor that applies for approval to establish an investment
company shall submit a guarantee letter to the examination and approval
authorities in which it guarantees the capital contribution to the
registered capital and technology transfer by the investment company to
the enterprise(s) to be established when such investment company invests
within the territory of China.
In case an investment company is established in the name of its
wholly-owned subsidiary, the parent company shall provide such a guarantee
letter to the examination and approval authorities in which it guarantees
the capital contribution to the registered capital of the investment
company to be established by its subsidiary in accordance with the
conditions as approved by the examination and approval authorities, as
well as the capital contribution by the investment company to the
registered capital of and the technology transfer to the enterprise (s) to
be established when it invests within the territory of China.
Article 13
The investment activities by an investment company within the
territory of China shall not be limited to the place of its registration.
Article 14
Matters concerning the taxation of an investment company shall be
handled in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of China.
Article 15
An Investment Company shall actually implement its project investment
plan, and its investment situation of the previous year shall be filed
with MOFTEC within the first 3 months of each year.
Article 16
An investment company and the enterprises established with its
investment shall be legal persons or entities independent of each other.
Their business transactions shall be dealt with as normal business
transaction between independent enterprises.
Article 17
An investment company as well as the enterprises established with its
investment shall abide by the laws and regulations of China, and shall not
escape from being administrated and evade paying taxes by any means.
Article 18
These Regulations are applicable as a measure of reference to
investors from the regions of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao carrying out
investment and establishing investment companies in the mainland.
Article 19
The interpretation of these Regulations shall be vested in the
Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation.
Article 20
These Regulations shall be implemented as of the date of their
promulgation.


　　　　　　　　　　　　　　关于民族自治地方刑事变通立法问题

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　黑龙江省北安市人民法院--崔文茂


　　刑法第90条规定，民族自治地方不能全部适用刑法典的，可以由自治区或者省的国家权力机关根据当地民族的政治、经济、文化特点和刑法典规定的基本原则制定变通或者补充规定。民族自治地方的刑法变通立法权肇源于此。
　　一、关于民族自治地方刑法变通、补充规定的法律性质

　　关于民族自治地方刑法变通、补充规定的法律性质，我国刑法学界有学者认为它兼具委托立法与授权立法的性质。[1]也有学者认为，立法法的颁布直接否定了委托立法与授权立法两种观点。[2]这两种争议的分歧代表着目前对民族自治地方刑事变通规定的定位的观点。
　　二、民族自治地方刑法变通立法的部门法归属与形式

　　民族自治地方刑法变通立法在部门法归属上隶属于刑法范畴，它是在宪法、民族区域自治法和刑法的指导下制定的。对此，民族区域自治法第5条、刑法第90条均有明确的要求。从本质上说，它是民族区域自治制度的产物和刑法典的派生物，既是民族区域自治法律体系重要组成部分，又是刑法规范体系不可分割的组成部分。民族自治地方刑法变通立法如何变通?理论上存在争论，即究竟以族籍为单位（一个少数民族制定一部本民族统一的刑事法规）还是以地域为单位（一个自治区或行政区域制定一部多民族合一的刑事法规）。[3]前者主张原则上以族籍为单位，一个少数民族制定一部变通规定。理由是：民族自治地方刑法变通规定。是针对少数民族的特殊性、而不是基于少数民族居住地的特点而制定的缘故。同时，也是由于少数民族人口大杂居、小聚居的特点所决定的。后者的主张是以地域为单位，可以避免“一刀切”的现象，部分少数民族与汉族没有大的差别，刑事变通立法没有必要，而且是否制定变通立法，是民族自身的意愿问题。不能强行地由全国人大或中央政府来决定。笔者认为，原则上应当以行政区域为依据，参考各个民族的具体情况制定变通立法。作为一个统一的多民族国家，我国共有55个少数民族，各民族经济、政治、社会发展情况不一。部分少数民族与汉族长期居住，社会发展程度上与汉族已经没有大的差异，对于这些相对发达的民族地区单独制定刑事变通立法，不仅没有必要，还会造成在一个主权国家内的法制不统一。各少数民族在聚居地区是否需要制定本民族的刑事法规，如何根据自己的民族特点和风俗习惯制定变通立法，都应当由本民族人民自己决定。因此，根据宪法、民族区域自治法和刑法的规定，应当由各民族自治地方制定刑事变通立法，而不是各民族按照民族的分类制定变通立法。
　　三、关于刑法变通立法的体系地位

　　如何界定刑法变通立法的性质，理论界有委托刑法、授权刑法、补充刑法、变通刑法、自治刑法、民族刑法、区域刑法，特别刑法等多种提法。在我看来，有两个理论问题值得特别注意：其一，民族自治地方刑法变通立法是民族自治地方自治权的体现，与“一国两制”下高度自治的香港、澳门特区刑法如何区别?其二，刑法第6条规定：“凡在中华人民共和国领域内犯罪的，除法律有特别规定的外，都适用本法”。民族自治地方刑法的变通立法是否属于本条所说的“特别规定”?一般认为，民族自治地方刑事变通立法适用于民族自治地方，与享有高度自治权的港、澳特区刑法不同。港、澳特别行政区刑法与内地刑法相对而言，属于一国两制政治架构下的法域形态，在法系传统、法律制度、适用背景、适用程序上都存在差异。民族自治地方的刑事变通立法是统一主权国家之内的刑法的重要组成部分，应将二者进行严格区分。至于民族自治地方的变通立法是否属于“法律有特别规定”之列，存在争议，某些学者认为“本法有特别规定”的情形包括：（1）享有外交特权和豁免权的外国人在我国领域内犯罪的；（2）我国民族自治地方不能适用本法的变通规定中的规定的犯罪；（3）在香港、澳门等特别行政区犯罪的。[4]笔者以为，严格地按照解释学的传统，“本法”是广义刑法，包括刑法典、单行刑法、附属刑法等刑事特别法。民族自治地方刑事变通立法属于我国的广义刑法范畴，不能认为民族自治地方变通立法是法律的除外情况。正如某些学者指出的：只有享有外交特权和豁免权的外国人在我国领域内犯罪的和行为人在香港、澳门等特别行政区犯罪的不适用我国刑法为真正属于属地管辖原则的例外，民族自治地方的变通规定和新法优于旧法只是是用刑法典的例外。[5]从民族地方刑事变通立法的法源上来看，刑法第90条要求“变通、补充规定”要根据刑法的基本原则，可见，民族自治地方刑事变通立法的适用需要根据刑法总则关于犯罪、刑事责任和刑罚的一般规定，而非例外情况。因此，笔者认为，民族地方刑事变通立法应当理解为一类特别刑法，相对于刑法典而言，它是对地（民族自治地方）和对人（具有少数民族身份的人）的刑法。①它由民族自治地方的自治区或省的人民代表大会依法制定的，作为刑法典的变通，仅仅适用于民族自治地方的自治民族居民。
　　四、民族自治地方刑法变通立法的反思

　　（1）加快民族自治地方刑法变通立法步伐的思考加快民族自治地方刑法变通立法的步伐，要处理好以下两个关系：一是处理好党对少数民族的刑事政策和刑法变通立法的关系。刑事政策与刑法相辅相成，辩证统一。但是，刑事政策是政策，刑事法律是法律，二者不能互相代替。二是处理好民族刑法变通立法与制定单行刑事条例的关系。在目前出台系统的、全面的关于实施刑法的变通规定条件不够成熟的情况下，民族自治地方立法机关可以结合本民族地区的特点制定一些单行刑事法规。

　　（2）刑法变通立法的条款内容

　　正如伟大的法学家卡多佐（Benjamin N•Cardozo）指出：法律不应当是一种发明，一种人工栽培的植物，它应当更至于风俗、习惯和大众的信念之中，并且可以满怀希望地期待着她提供治疗和帮助的力量。我们应当担心并尽力避免的是，在法律之下的习惯、风俗、信念、功力等土壤被冲走之后，法律仍然要维持一种令人厌恶的生活。[6] 鉴于各少数民族文化的差异，有必要对统一的国家制定法加以变通，在刑事领域即刑法典部分条款的变通。具体变通内容应充分考虑少数民族的风俗习惯、传统观念、文明程度、宗教信仰、封建迷信等特点，我以为包括：

　　第一，风俗习惯。

　　刑法第236条。刑法第236条是关于强奸罪、奸淫幼女罪的规定。鉴于我国部分少数民族的风俗习惯与汉族的差异，某些强制性的性行为为少数民族习俗认可。型法第237条。刑法第237条是关于强制猥亵、侮辱妇女罪的规定。某些少数民族地区保留有传统的恋爱习俗，比如广西金秀县的瑶族往往通过唱山歌等方式实现沟通，在民族节日或者传统社交活动中，某些少数民族男青年摸弄、搂抱女青年，甚至采取追赶、撬门等方式追求女青年，对女青年有一定程度的猥亵行为，某些情况下带有强制性。变通立法应当作非犯罪化处理。刑法第258条。刑法第258条是关于重婚罪的规定。部分少数民族地区经济发展水平落后，生活在偏远的山区，结婚难以找到合适的配偶。加之，受宗教信仰、传统思想观念及风俗习惯的影响，往往兄弟共妻、姐妹共夫、一夫多妻、一妻多夫等重婚现象较为普遍。[7]变通立法上宜规定不告不理，国家司法权不宜直接、主动介入。

　　第二，生产生活方式。

　　刑法第125条。刑法第125条是关于非法制造、买卖枪支罪的规定。有的少数民族地区以土枪作为一种装饰品，并由此形成土枪市场，对于在族内制造、买卖枪支弹药以供狩猎和装饰用的，不能认定为犯罪。刑事变通立法时，可以考虑不作为犯罪处理。刑法第225条。刑法第225条是关于非法经营罪的规定。我国少数民族女性多有穿金戴银的习惯，买卖黄金、白银的现象在少数民族地区较为普遍。对于少数民族地区买卖金银的现象一般不宜以非法经营罪追究刑事责任。刑法第345条。刑法第345条是关于滥伐林木罪的规定。居住在山区或林区的少数民族，历史曾经形成“刀耕火种、毁林开荒”的原始耕作方法，到今天仍有部分群众保留有一定的痕迹。刑事变通立法时，应当考虑到这一情况，对因此导致的失火罪不作为犯罪处理或从轻处理。

　　第三，封建迷信。

　　刑法第232条、第234条。刑法第232条、第234条是关于故意杀人罪、故意伤害罪的规定。封建迷信伤害或杀人案件中，杀人者会得到拥护，而被杀者甚至连亲戚都会背弃。但封建迷信杀人仅仅是一个原因，部分因山林、草场、水源，坟地等纠纷而引起伤害或杀人案件则不能与此等同。变通刑法时，应将故意杀人、故意伤害罪区分为若干类，按照犯罪原因加以分类并规定不同的刑罚。


注释与参考文献

　　[1]石水平.少数民族地区地方刑事立法问题[A].刑法的修改与完善[C]，马克昌，丁慕英主编，北京:人民法院出版社，1995年.第43页

　　[2]宣炳昭，江献军.民族自治地方的刑法变通规定初探[A].新千年刑法热点问题研究与适用[C]，赵秉志主编，北京:中国方正出版社，2000年.第125页

　　[3]梁华仁，石玉春.论刑法在少数民族地区的变通.[A]新千年刑法热点问题研究与适用[C]，赵秉志主编，北京:中国方正出版社，2000年，第231页